Law 42.3, which deals with changing the condition of the match ball
[li](d) If the umpires together agree that the deterioration in the condition of the ball is greater than is consistent with the use it has received, they shall consider that there has been a contravention of this Law. They shall:[/li]
[li](i) change the ball forthwith. It shall be for the umpires to decide on the replacement ball. It shall, in their opinion, have had wear comparable to that which the previous ball had received immediately prior to the contravention.[/li]
[li]Additionally the bowler's end umpire shall,[/li]
[li](ii) award 5 penalty runs to the batting side.[/li]
[li](iii) inform the batsmen that the ball has been changed.[/li]
[li](iv) inform the captain of the fielding side that the reason for the action was the unfair interference with the ball.[/li]
[li](v) inform the captain of the batting side as soon as practicable of what has occurred.[/li]
[li](vi) together with the other umpire report the occurrence as soon as possible after the match to the Executive of the fielding side and to any Governing Body responsible for the match, who shall take such action as is considered appropriate a[/li]
*In 1994, England’s Mike Atherton was fined over the “dirt in his pocket†episode against South Africa, despite his defence that he was using soil to dry his hands and not to affect in any way the aerodynamics of the ball