http://www.blackagendareport.com/crisis-of-whiteness
Quote:by Walter Smolarek
White privilege “has existed as long as there have been white people,†but the material basis for it is declining in the U.S. “Large sections of white youth are undergoing a process of proletarianization.†Although this slow process “does not instantly enlighten those stricken with white chauvinism,†polling data seems to show that “white supremacist ideology has significantly weakened its hold on the consciousness of about 2 in 5 white youth.â€
The Decline of U.S. Imperialism and the Structural Crisis of Whiteness
by Walter Smolarek
“The bar for white radicals must be set at a high level if we are to be allies of the Black movement.â€
A wave of struggle has exploded across the country, as people take to the streets on a sustained basis following the Ferguson Uprising. While the sharpest period of confrontation may have passed for now, there are promising signs of the health of this movement. Other recent instances of struggle against racist injustice took on a mostly spontaneous, episodic form, but there is reason to be hopeful of the revival of the fight for Black liberation and the end of white supremacy on a mass scale.
As has been historically the case, the struggle of Black people has had the strength to draw in various other sectors of society into motion. For many white youth, the dominant narrative of this process has not contributed to the formation of a bloc capable of carrying out a revolution. It has instead sought to reconfigure white identity. Is becoming a “white ally†the way forward, or should the aim be instead to smash the institution of whiteness?
An ideological framework that views all types of oppression as equivalent, independent and self-acting can encourage the development of issue and constituency-based movements for reform, rather than a movement for radical, structural change. One can fight for LGBTQ liberation, for example, but abstain from the fight against white supremacy. However, those who seek the total transformation of society view all oppression as bound up in a single system. Identity politics inhibits the development of a historically-grounded, objective analysis of the dynamics of U.S. society, leaving participants in the struggle unable to effectively formulate strategy and anticipate the direction of events. This elevates leaders from the petty bourgeoisie, which continues to privilege whiteness and white concerns and to be about ultimately a reorganization of whiteness, rather than its demolition. The bar for white radicals must be set at a high level if we are to be allies (in the real sense of the word – those able to make a concrete contribution to victory over a common enemy) of the Black movement.
As the ruling class of the United States scrambles to address major diplomatic, political and economic crises, one of the oldest and most treasured pillars of their system is undergoing a structural crisis – whiteness. This is not the product of simple demographic shifts, although these are not inconsequential, but rather the new period of history the world has entered, in which major renovations must be made to global capitalism to ensure its survival.
Whiteness and imperialism
Since the ascendance of imperialism, whiteness has been inseparably bound up with this project for world domination. I use the term imperialism to denote not a policy choice, but a stage in the development of capitalism. As capital’s natural tendency towards monopoly operates, finance becomes dominant over industry, and expands not only in the home market but is exported around the globe. The capitalist state is compelled to protect these investments and open up new opportunities for exploitation using a combination of the most horrifying brutality imaginable and well-crafted subtleties.
For as long as almost anyone can remember, the United States has been the dominant imperialist power. It has not always been this way. The much larger empires of Britain and France were eclipsed only after the end of World War Two, when the architecture of world politics was redesigned on the basis of U.S. hegemony. The once-mighty European powers were in ruins, a bloc of socialist states came into existence for the first time, and there was fear of a return to the Great Depression once the war stimulus ended. Insulated from the devastation of world war by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and in possession of an unprecedented industrial and military juggernaut, U.S. imperialism was the only power capable of rescuing the system. Colonialism was reconstituted as neo-colonialism, and U.S. capitalists took the biggest market share.
This international arrangement led to dramatic changes domestically. Shaken by growing radicalism during the 1930s and terrified at the greatly strengthened position of the world communist movement, the ruling class turned to its most tried and true method of retaining power – using reactionary whites as a bludgeon against progressive struggle. White privilege has existed as long as white people have, but the Cold War presented an unprecedented challenge that warranted an unprecedented payment. The era of the suburban white began.
The ideological apparatus of the capitalist state gave it a different name – the American Dream.
Establishing the new whiteness
White people function as the oppressor nation in the context of the United States, a country that includes the Black, Chicano, Puerto Rican, Indigenous and many other oppressed nations. However, whites do not constitute a nation in the traditional sense of sharing a common language, culture, geographical territory and economic activity, but are rather a Frankenstein of European nationalities that have been granted a common political status. While these characteristics have converged over time, successive waves of European immigrants were not immediately white. This changed after World War Two, when all southern and eastern European nationalities were definitively incorporated into whiteness (although arguably it would take Jewish people, also not exactly a nation, another few decades).
Several mechanisms were employed to bring about this qualitative upgrade to white privilege. With some notable exceptions, the leadership of the labor movement was largely backwards on the question of race or at least failed to fully support the struggle for Black liberation and other national liberation movements. This meant the gains won by the upsurge in labor militancy (the largest strike wave in U.S. history came the year after the end of World War Two, when the anti-fascist truce expired) were unevenly distributed in favor of a white “aristocracy of labor.â€
“The gains won by the upsurge in labor militancy were unevenly distributed in favor of a white “aristocracy of labor.â€
However, suburban white privilege involved not only wage increases and other traditional economistic demands, but the elevation of a large section of the white population to the professional and semi-professional strata of society. The main engine of this was the G.I. Bill, which provided widespread working class access to a college education for the first time. But this is apartheid America – the only ones in a position to fully take advantage of this and then find corresponding employment were whites and their families.
White upper-strata workers and new professionals were whisked away from the cities and into the suburbs. Although it came with a sense of soul-crushing isolation (any observer of white suburban drug use can attest to this), living conditions were miles ahead of the urban neighborhoods they used to inhabit. This was facilitated by massive government intervention. Between 1934 and 1962, $120 billion of housing assistance was provided by the federal government – over 98 percent of this went to whites.
This deepening and broadening of whiteness was a highly expensive project for the ruling class, but was made affordable by the uncontested hegemony of U.S. capital in the imperialist bloc. This would hold true from 1945-1973, begin to crack after the 1973 crisis, and enter a period of serious decline in the current era.
The decline
The structural economic crisis of 1973 was resolved primarily through the deindustrialization of the imperialist countries and the introduction of the neo-liberal regime of capital accumulation, with financialized speculation at its core. The iron law of “last hired, first fired†shielded whites from the most devastating effects of the crisis, but it still shook one of the main pillars of the new white privilege. As the jobs capable of sustaining an aristocracy of labor began to disappear following the 1973 crisis, poverty and unemployment reemerged for many white families who falsely believed that these phenomena were things of the past.
This period was particularly turbulent not only for upper-strata white workers who managed to get into the suburbs, but also for the section of the white population that was “left behind†in the cities. Urban working class white populations are generally very small, although in some cities like Philadelphia and Boston they still constitute a sizeable and politically important force. Lacking revolutionary political leadership, this ironically but predictably led to a further entrenchment of loyalty to white supremacy. That said, there are some cultural aspects of the lives of the old white proletariat that are far preferable to the smug arrogance of suburbanites.
“Following the 1973 crisis, poverty and unemployment reemerged for many white families who falsely believed that these phenomena were things of the past.â€
Events in the 1970s appeared to point towards world revolution, but this momentum was reversed in the 1980s and culminated with the overthrow of the Soviet Union and most other socialist states in the early 1990s. After the defeat of the socialist camp in the Cold War, the managers of the system hoped for a "new American century" of unquestionable U.S. imperialist hegemony. While the 1990s appeared to confirm this prognosis, the new century itself has seen just the opposite. Economic and military setbacks have called into question the post-Cold War arrangement. The absence of a bloc of socialist states was a historic victory for U.S. imperialism, but it also removed the main incentive that other capitalist powers had for accepting a second-rung position in world affairs.
The military defeat suffered by U.S. imperialism at the hands of the Iraqi resistance challenged the myth of American invincibility and its ability to dictate the course of world events. The installation of a stable puppet regime in Iraq, following a similar operation in Afghanistan, was supposed to be the beginning of a sweep through the Middle East that would remove all nationalist government from power. With the Iraqi people's victory, U.S. imperialism lost the initiative on the world stage.
The U.S. ruling class has recovered from worse setbacks, but their failure in Iraq was followed shortly by the outbreak of the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. The neo-liberal model, made necessary by falling rates of profit, spectacularly imploded and ushered in an era of uncertainty and stagnation in the imperialist core of the world economy. Only massive bailouts and the creation of a semi-permanent life support system called quantitative easing was able to stop the free-fall, and time will tell when the next major disruption occurs.
Walter Smolarek's blogLog in or register to post comments